Ugurlu Bahis Strategiyalari ile Mostbet

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Hesab Təhlükəsizliyi və İstifadəçi Qorunması Mostbet Platformasında
Yüksək Əmsallı Bahis Etməyin Yolları Mostbet Saytında
Bahis Əmsallarını Dəyərləndirmə Metodları
Canlı Bahis Edərkən Qazanma Taktikaları Most Bet İlə
Mobil Tətbiq vasitəsilə Rahat Bahis Etmə Təcrübəsi
Bonusları Maksimuma Çıxarma Yolları Mostbet Üzərində
Promosyon Kodlarının İstifadə Edilməsi Üsulları
Pul Yatırma və Çıxarma Əməliyyatları Mostbet Platformasında

Mostbet kazinosunda uğurlu bahis strategiyaları qurmaq üçün bir neçə əsas prinsipə diqqət yetirmək vacibdir. İlk növbədə, bankroll idarəetməsi əhəmiyyətli rol oynayır. Oyuncuların çoxu böyük məbləğlər qazanmaq istəyərkən, əslində, öz maliyyə resurslarını düzgün idarə etmədikləri üçün itirirlər. Bankroll strategiyası, hər bir bahis üçün ayrılan məbləğin müəyyən olunmasını və bu məbləğin ümumi kapitalın kiçik bir hissəsi olmasını tələb edir. Bu, oyunçulara uzun müddət ərzində oyunda qalmağa imkan verir.

İkinci vacib məqam isə araşdırma və analizdir. Mostbet-də müxtəlif oyunlar və idman tədbirləri mövcuddur ki, burada bahis etmək mümkündür. Hər bir oyunun özünəməxsus xüsusiyyətləri və statistikası var. Oyuncular bu məlumatları araşdıraraq və analiz edərək daha yaxşı qərarlar qəbul edə bilərlər. Məsələn, futbol oyunlarında komandanın son performansı, zədələr və hava şəraiti kimi faktorlar nəzərə alınmalıdır.

Bundan əlavə, emosional nəzarət də mühüm rol oynayır. Bahis zamanı emosiyalarınızı idarə etmək qabiliyyəti sizə rasional qərarlar qəbul etməyə kömək edəcəkdir. Çox vaxt oyuncular qəzəb və ya həvəs ilə hərəkət edərək itkilərini artırırlar. Bu səbəbdən, soyuqqanlı olmaq və yalnız əvvəlcədən planlaşdırılmış strategiyaya uyğun hərəkət etmək vacibdir.

Nəhayət, düzgün platforma seçimi də strateji uğurun açarıdır. Mostbet kimi etibarlı platformalar, istifadəçilərə geniş oyun seçimi və təhlükəsiz ödəniş metodları təqdim edir. Bu da oyunculara rahatlıqla öz strategiyalarını tətbiq etməyə imkan yaradır. Təcrübəli oyunçular həmişə ən yaxşı təklifləri izləyir və mostbet.com platformanın təqdim etdiyi bonuslardan maksimum istifadə edirlər ki, bu da onların uğur şansını artırır.

Hesab Təhlükəsizliyi və İstifadəçi Qorunması Mostbet Platformasında

Mostbet platformasında hesab təhlükəsizliyi və istifadəçi qorunması məsələləri hər zaman prioritet mövzulardan biri olub. İstifadəçilərin şəxsi məlumatlarının qorunması üçün Mostbet, ən müasir texnologiyalardan istifadə edir. Bu, SSL şifrələmə və iki mərhələli autentifikasiya kimi metodlarla təmin edilir ki, bu da hesabların maksimum dərəcədə qorunmasını təmin edir.

Platforma, istifadəçilərin təhlükəsizliyini artırmaq üçün mütəmadi olaraq sistem yeniləmələri həyata keçirir. Mostbet istifadəçilərə parol gücləndirmə təlimatları təqdim edir və onlara unikal, mürəkkəb parollar seçməyi tövsiyə edir. Bu tədbirlər, hesabların hack edilməsinin qarşısını almağa kömək edir. Aşağıdakı cədvəldə əsas təhlükəsizlik tədbirləri göstərilmişdir:

Təhlükəsizlik Tədbiri	Təsviri
SSL Şifrələmə	Məlumatların təhlükəsiz ötürülməsi üçün
İki Mərhələli Autentifikasiya	Hesab girişində əlavə təhlükəsizlik səviyyəsi
Parol Gücləndirmə	İstifadəçilərə unikal parollar yaratma təlimatı

Mostbet platforması istifadəçilərin məxfiliyini qorumaq üçün ciddi siyasətlər tətbiq edir. Bu siyasətlər çərçivəsində istifadəçi məlumatları üçüncü tərəflərlə paylaşılmır və yalnız qanuni tələblər əsasında açıqlanır. Bundan əlavə, Mostbet müştəri dəstəyi komandası hər hansı bir şübhəli fəaliyyətin dərhal araşdırılması üçün 24/7 xidmət göstərir.

İstifadəçilər Mostbet-də öz hesablarını daha da qorumaq üçün müəyyən addımlar ata bilərlər. Məsələn, parolları mütəmadi olaraq dəyişmək və fərqli cihazlardan daxil olarkən diqqətli olmaq tövsiyə olunur. Bu sadə tədbirlər sayəsində istifadəçilər özlərini potensial təhlükələrdən daha yaxşı qoruya bilərlər.

Mostbet Platformasında Hesab Təhlükəsizliyi və İstifadəçi Qorunması

Yüksək Əmsallı Bahis Etməyin Yolları Mostbet Saytında

Mostbet saytında yüksək əmsallı bahis etməyin yolları haqqında danışarkən, ilk növbədə analitik yanaşma önə çıxır. Bahisçilər üçün əmsalların düzgün təhlili və oyun strategiyalarının qurulması vacibdir. Ən yaxşı nəticələr əldə etmək üçün, oyunçular statistik məlumatları dərindən araşdırmalı və komandaların son performansını qiymətləndirməlidirlər. Bu, onlara potensial qazancları artırmaq üçün daha ağıllı qərarlar verməyə kömək edəcək.

High Odds Betting Tips on Mostbet

Mostbet platformasında canlı bahis seçimi, istifadəçilərə matç zamanı əmsallardakı dəyişikliklərdən faydalanmaq imkanı yaradır. Canlı bahis zamanı, oyunçular matçın gedişatını izləyərək, daha dəqiq proqnozlar verə bilərlər. Bu metod, xüsusilə futbol və basketbol kimi dinamik idman növlərində daha effektivdir. Əgər oyunçu canlı bahislərdə ustalıqla hərəkət edərsə, yüksək əmsallarla böyük qazanclar əldə edə bilər.

Bahisçilər üçün başqa bir mühüm amil isə bonus proqramlarıdır. Mostbet, yeni və daimi istifadəçiləri üçün müxtəlif bonuslar təqdim edir ki, bu da onların bankrollunu artırmağa imkan verir. Bonuslar vasitəsilə əlavə pul və ya pulsuz spinlər qazanaraq, oyunçular risklərini azalda və potensial gəlirlərini artıra bilərlər. Lakin bu bonuslardan istifadə edərkən qaydaları diqqətlə oxumaq vacibdir.

Son olaraq, yüksək əmsallı bahis etmənin bir yolu da ekspert proqnozlarına müraciət etməkdir. Təcrübəli analitiklərin proqnozları əsasında qərar vermək, xüsusilə təcrübəsiz oyunçular üçün faydalı ola bilər. Bununla belə, unutmayın ki, heç bir proqnoz 100% dəqiq deyil və hər zaman şəxsi araşdırmanıza əsaslanaraq qərar vermək ən yaxşısıdır.

Bahis Əmsallarını Dəyərləndirmə Metodları

Mostbet kazinosu, bahis həvəskarlarına bahis əmsallarını dəyərləndirmə sahəsində bir sıra metodlar təqdim edir. Bu metodlar, oyunçuların daha yaxşı qərarlar qəbul etməsinə və daha çox qazanc əldə etməsinə kömək edir. Əmsalların dəyərləndirilməsi, əsasən statistik analizlərə və bazar trendlərinə əsaslanır. Əmsalların dəqiq analizi, oyunçulara hansı mərcin daha sərfəli olduğunu anlamağa imkan verir.

Bahis əmsallarını dəyərləndirmək üçün istifadə olunan əsas metodlardan biri statistik modelləşdirmədir. Bu model, keçmiş oyun nəticələrini analiz edərək gələcək nəticələri proqnozlaşdırmağa çalışır. Digər bir üsul isə bazar trendlərinin təhlilidir. Oyunçular bazardakı dəyişiklikləri izləyərək hansı komandanın və ya oyunçunun üstünlük təşkil etdiyini müəyyən edə bilərlər. Həmçinin, peşəkar məsləhətlər və ekspert rəyləri də əmsalların dəyərləndirilməsində mühüm rol oynayır.

Mostbet kazinosunda bahisçilər üçün faydalı ola biləcək bəzi tövsiyələr:

Statistik məlumatları izləyin: Keçmiş oyunların nəticələrini təhlil edərək gələcək proqnozlarınızı dəqiqləşdirin.
Bazar trendlərini izləyin: Hansı komanda və ya oyunçunun formda olduğunu müəyyən edin.
Ekspert rəylərindən istifadə edin: Peşəkarların fikirlərinə diqqət yetirin və onları öz analizlərinizlə müqayisə edin.

Mostbet platformasında bu metodların istifadəsi, oyunçulara öz strategiyalarını daha da inkişaf etdirmək imkanı yaradır. Bahis əmsallarının düzgün dəyərləndirilməsi ilə oyunçular yalnız şansdan deyil, həm də analitik bacarıqlarından faydalanaraq uğur qazana bilərlər.

Alt text: Most Bet Bahis Əmsalları Dəyərləndirmə

Canlı Bahis Edərkən Qazanma Taktikaları Most Bet İlə

Most Bet ilə canlı bahis etmək, oyunçulara dinamik və maraqlı bir təcrübə təqdim edir. Canlı bahis zamanı qazanma şansınızı artırmaq üçün bəzi taktikalara diqqət yetirmək vacibdir. İlk növbədə, komandaların və ya oyunçuların cari formasını yaxşı analiz etmək lazımdır. Canlı bahis edərkən, oyunun gedişatını izləmək və statistikalara əsaslanaraq qərar vermək çox önəmlidir.

Bir çox təcrübəli oyunçu “cash out” funksiyasından faydalanır. Bu funksiya, bahisinizin müəyyən bir hissəsini erkən geri almağa imkan verir ki, bu da itkiləri minimuma endirə bilər. Most Bet platformasında bu funksiyadan istifadə edərək riskləri daha yaxşı idarə edə bilərsiniz. Cash out xüsusiyyəti, oyunun nəticəsinə əmin olmadığınız zamanlar üçün əla bir seçimdir.

Emosiyaların idarə edilməsi də canlı bahis zamanı müvəffəqiyyətin açarıdır. Oyun zamanı emosiyalarınıza nəzarət etmək və ani qərarlar verməmək vacibdir. Hər zaman soyuqqanlı olun və əvvəlcədən müəyyənləşdirdiyiniz strategiyaya sadiq qalın. Bu yanaşma sizi tələsik qərarlardan qoruyacaq və qazanma şansınızı artıracaq.

Mostbet Canlı Bahis Qazanma Taktikaları

Nəhayət, düzgün bank idarəsi canlı bahis zamanı müvəffəqiyyətin başqa bir vacib aspektidir. Bahis məbləğini düzgün təyin etmək və bankrollunuzu ağıllı şəkildə idarə etmək, uzunmüddətli perspektivdə qazanclı olmaq üçün vacibdir. Most Bet platformasında müxtəlif məbləğlərdə bahis etmək imkanı olduğu üçün büdcənizə uyğun strategiyalar tətbiq edə bilərsiniz.

Mobil Tətbiq vasitəsilə Rahat Bahis Etmə Təcrübəsi

Mobil tətbiqlər vasitəsilə bahis etmək, son illərdə qumar həvəskarları arasında populyarlıq qazanan bir trendə çevrilib. Bu sahədə Mostbet kazinosu, istifadəçilərə yüksək səviyyəli bir təcrübə təqdim edərək fərqlənir. Tətbiqin interfeysi sadə və intuitivdir, bu da həm yeni başlayanlar, həm də təcrübəli oyunçular üçün asanlıqla istifadəyə imkan verir. Mobil tətbiqdə müxtəlif oyunlar, canlı dilerlər və geniş bahis seçimləri mövcuddur ki, bu da istifadəçilərin ehtiyaclarını tamamilə qarşılayır.

Mostbet tətbiqi, istifadəçilərə real vaxtda yenilənən məlumatlarla təmin edir. Bu xüsusiyyət, oyunçuların mərc qərarlarını daha sürətli və dəqiq verməsinə kömək edir. Həmçinin, tətbiq vasitəsilə istifadəçilər promosyonlar və bonuslardan xəbərdar ola bilərlər ki, bu da onların oyun təcrübəsini daha maraqlı edir. Əlavə olaraq, təhlükəsizlik məsələlərinə ciddi yanaşılır və şəxsi məlumatların qorunması üçün müasir texnologiyalar tətbiq edilir.

Mobil tətbiqin üstünlükləri arasında ən diqqət çəkəni rahatlıqdır. İstifadəçilər istənilən yerdən və istənilən vaxtda bahis edə bilərlər ki, bu da onların zamanını səmərəli idarə etməsinə imkan yaradır. Həmçinin, Mostbet tətbiqi müxtəlif ödəniş üsullarını dəstəkləyir ki, bu da istifadəçilərin rahatlığını artırır. Depozitlərin sürətli və təhlükəsiz şəkildə yatırılması prosesi isə əlavə bir üstünlükdür.

Mostbet kazinosunun mobil tətbiqi ilə bahis etmək, yalnız əyləncə deyil, həm də potensial gəlir mənbəyidir. Tətbiqin təqdim etdiyi çoxsaylı imkanlar və funksionallıq sayəsində istifadəçilər öz strategiyalarını asanlıqla həyata keçirə bilirlər. Bu da onları rəqabətcil bazarda ön plana çıxarır və bahis təcrübəsini unikal edir.

Bonusları Maksimuma Çıxarma Yolları Mostbet Üzərində

Mostbet kazinosunda bonusları maksimuma çıxarmaq üçün bir neçə effektiv strategiya mövcuddur. İlk növbədə, hər bir oyunçunun bonus şərtlərini diqqətlə oxuması vacibdir. Çünki bəzi bonuslar yalnız müəyyən oyunlarda və ya müəyyən vaxt aralığında keçərlidir. Bu şərtləri nəzərə alaraq, oyunçu öz strategiyasını düzgün qurmalıdır.

Bir çox oyunçu promosyon kodlarından istifadə etməyi unudur, halbuki bu kodlar əlavə üstünlüklər təmin edə bilər. Promosyon kodlarını əldə etmək üçün Mostbet-in rəsmi saytını və ya etibarlı tərəfdaş saytlarını izləmək məsləhətdir. Əlavə olaraq, Mostbet tez-tez öz istifadəçilərinə e-poçt vasitəsilə xüsusi təkliflər göndərir, buna görə də e-poçt bildirişlərini aktiv saxlamaq faydalıdır.

Bonusların səmərəli istifadəsi üçün müxtəlif oyunlara diqqət yetirmək də əhəmiyyətlidir. Məsələn:

Slot maşınlarında daha yüksək qaytarma faizi olanları seçmək
Canlı kazinoda təcrübəli dilerlərlə oynamaq
Stolüstü oyunlarda strategiya tətbiq etmək

Bu yanaşmalar oyunçunun qazanc şansını artırmağa kömək edir.

Son olaraq, vaxt idarəçiliyi və büdcə planlaması kimi amilləri də unutmaq olmaz. Bonusların maksimuma çıxarılması üçün oyunçu nə vaxt dayanacağını bilməlidir. Həddindən artıq risk almaq əvəzinə, ağıllı və strateji yanaşma ilə Mostbet-də daha uğurlu nəticələr əldə etmək mümkündür.

Promosyon Kodlarının İstifadə Edilməsi Üsulları

Most Bet kazinosunda promosyon kodlarının istifadəsi, oyunçular üçün əlavə imkanlar və üstünlüklər yaradır. Promosyon kodları, oyunçulara əlavə bonuslar, pulsuz fırlanmalar və ya digər mükafatlar təqdim edərək, onların oyun təcrübəsini daha maraqlı və sərfəli edir. Bu kodları əldə etmək üçün bir neçə üsul mövcuddur. Ən yaygın üsullardan biri, kazino tərəfindən e-poçt vasitəsilə göndərilən xüsusi təkliflərdir. Həmçinin, Most Bet-in rəsmi saytında və ya sosial media hesablarında da promosyon kodlarına rast gəlmək mümkündür.

Kodların istifadəsi olduqca sadədir. İlk növbədə, oyunçu Most Bet hesabına daxil olmalıdır. Profil bölməsində “Promosyon Kodu” sahəsinə daxil olaraq, əldə etdiyi kodu daxil etməlidir. Daxil edildikdən sonra sistem avtomatik olaraq müvafiq bonusu hesabınıza əlavə edəcəkdir. Lakin burada diqqət yetirilməli olan məqamlar var: hər bir promosyon kodunun özünəməxsus istifadə şərtləri və müddəti ola bilər.

Promosyon Kodu	Təklif Edilən Bonus	İstifadə Müddəti
WELCOME100	100% İlk Depozit Bonusu	30 gün
SPIN50	50 Pulsuz Fırlanma	7 gün
VIP2023	Eksklüziv VIP Bonus	15 gün

Bu cədvəl Most Bet kazinosunda tez-tez rast gəlinən promosyon kodlarını və onların təklif etdiyi bonusları göstərir. Hər bir kodun istifadəsi zamanı müvafiq qaydalara əməl etmək vacibdir ki, bonuslardan maksimum dərəcədə faydalana biləsiniz.

Əlavə olaraq, promosyon kodlarının effektiv istifadəsi üçün oyunçuların kazino ilə əlaqəli xəbərləri izləmələri tövsiyə olunur. Yeni kampaniyalar və xüsusi təkliflər haqqında vaxtında məlumat almaq üçün Most Bet-in xəbər bülleteninə abunə olmaq faydalı ola bilər. Beləliklə, oyunçular heç bir fürsəti qaçırmadan, daha çox qazanmaq şansı əldə edə bilərlər.

Pul Yatırma və Çıxarma Əməliyyatları Mostbet Platformasında

Mostbet platformasında pul yatırma və çıxarma əməliyyatları istifadəçilər üçün rahat və sürətli şəkildə təşkil olunmuşdur. İlk növbədə, Mostbet istifadəçilərinə geniş çeşidli ödəniş üsulları təklif edir. Bunlar arasında bank kartları, elektron pul kisələri və kriptovalyutalar yer alır. Bu müxtəliflik hər bir istifadəçinin özünə uyğun olan üsulu seçməsinə imkan yaradır.

Pul yatırma əməliyyatları ani olaraq həyata keçirilir, bu da oyunçuların vaxt itirmədən sevimli oyunlarına başlamağına şərait yaradır. Minimum yatırma məbləği isə çox aşağıdır ki, bu da yeni başlayanlar üçün əlverişlidir. Əksər hallarda, ödənişlərdən heç bir komissiya tutulmur, bu da istifadəçilərin xeyrinədir.

Pul çıxarma əməliyyatları isə adətən 15 dəqiqədən 24 saata qədər zaman alır. Burada əsas məqam istifadəçinin seçdiyi ödəniş üsuludur. Kriptovalyuta ilə çıxarışlar daha sürətli olur, bank köçürmələri isə bir qədər uzun çəkə bilər. Hər bir istifadəçi öz balansını idarə edərkən təhlükəsizlik məsələlərinə diqqət yetirilməlidir, çünki Mostbet platforması bütün əməliyyatların təhlükəsizliyini təmin edir.

Mostbet kazinosunda pul əməliyyatlarının sadəliyi və rahatlığı istifadəçilərin məmnuniyyətini artırır. Müxtəlif ödəniş üsulları və sürətli əməliyyatlar oyunçuların diqqətini cəlb edir və onları platformada daha aktiv olmağa təşviq edir. Bu xüsusiyyətlər Mostbet-i rəqiblərindən fərqləndirən əsas amillərdən biridir.

April Events in Singapore

In April, we celebrate Earth Day on April 22nd, a special time to think about our planet. Check out some events this month to join the movement for a greener world.

In April, we celebrate Earth Day! April 22nd is a special time to think about our planet. But it’s important to remember that caring for the Earth isn’t just for one day—it’s for every day! Check out some events this month to join the movement for a greener world.

1. The Young Explorers Program

Time: July through August 2024

Organiser: Oce a nX

Description:

The Ocean X Young Explorer’s Programme offers an immersive and educational experience for students aged 18-22 aboard the OceanXplorer. Participants engage in 1 to 10-day adventures, exploring marine life, ocean conservation, and the latest oceanographic research. The programme aims to inspire a deeper understanding of ocean exploration and foster a sense of responsibility towards protecting marine ecosystems. Young Explorers 2024 will feature various missions taking place in Indonesia throughout July and August.

OceanXplorer, the most advanced exploration, research and media vessel is currently based in Singapore for half of year in 2024.

Applications for the OceanX Young Explorers Program 2024 are currently open and will close on the 5th of April.

Click here to learn more.

2. Farmers’ Market: Easter Egg-stravaganza Edition

Time: 9:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m., Sat, 6^th of April

Location: City Sprouts Henderson, 102 Henderson Road

Organiser: City Sprouts

Description:

The Farmer’s Market Easter Egg-stravaganza Edition is an engaging Easter event that promotes buying local and adopting eco-friendly practices. The Farm Animal Experience includes workshops on the frog life cycle, insights into the life of chickens, and an exploration of composting creepy crawlies. Additionally, the event offers a farmer’s market showcasing a diverse range of fresh produce and artisanal products.

Click here to learn more.

3. Stride with Marcel (Clean Up)

Time: 9:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m., Sat, 6^th of April

Location: City Plaza

Organiser: Stridy

Description:

Litter poses risks to our environment by polluting the air, water, and soil, threatening wildlife, and providing habitats for pests. Join ‘Stride with Marcel’ to actively contribute to our environment! Striding entails collecting litter while walking, running, or hiking. You can make a meaningful impact by taking part in routine clean-up activities, helping to keep our urban community clean and thriving.

Click here to learn more.

4. Zero Market: Fash up by the Pond

Time: 9:00a.m. – 2:00p.m., 6^th – 7^th of April

Place: Tzu Chi Humanistic Youth Centre, 30A Yishun Central 1, Singapore 768796

Organiser: Tzu Chi Humanistic Youth Centre 慈济人文青年中心

Description:

The Zero • Market is a sustainable lifestyle market that offers fresh produce and sustainable goods, aiming to reduce waste with Zero Meat and Zero Plastic. It occurs every first and third weekend (Saturday and Sunday) of the month unless otherwise specified. Visit the Zero Market and remember to bring your own bag! This month’s event, Fash up by the Pond, features an open wardrobe, green products, and information sharing.

Click here to learn more.

5. Eco Fair @ Katong

Time: 11:00 a.m. – 8:30 p.m., 11^th to 14^th April

Location: i12 Katong

Organiser: City Sprouts & i12Katong

Description:

As April marks Earth month, City Sprouts is delighted to bring you their Eco-Fair at i12 Katong! From learning about upcycling fabric and other materials to discovering how to make natural scrubs and grow microgreens, the Eco Fair offers hands-on experiences for everyone interested in living more sustainably.

Click here to learn more.

6. Earth x Fashion 3.0 @ Weave Suites – Midtown

Time: 10:00 a.m. – 8:00 p.m., 15^th – 24^th of April

Location: Weave Suites – Midtown, 33 Jalan Sultan

Organiser: Cloop

Description:

In conjunction with Fashion Revolution Week 2024, “Earth x Fashion 3.0: Weave Suites Midtown” is a ten-day event from April 15 to 24 focusing on sustainable fashion. It showcases eco-friendly designs, materials, and production methods. Attendees can explore trends like upcycling and zero-waste design, join workshops on circular economy principles and reducing fashion waste, and engage with experts on ethical sourcing and technology in fashion. Join us in shaping a sustainable future for fashion!

Click here to learn more.

7. Wasted: What we Throw Away Doesn’t go Away

Time: 7:00 a.m, Mon, 22^nd of April

Location: Cineleisure

Organiser: The Projector

Description:

“Wasted” is a thought-provoking documentary film that explores the global issue of food waste and its environmental impact. Through compelling storytelling and interviews with experts, “Wasted” sheds light on innovative solutions and initiatives to reduce food waste and create a more sustainable food system. It challenges viewers to rethink their consumption habits and consider the environmental and social implications of food waste.

Click here to learn more.

8. For the Love of Land

Time: 4:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m., 27^th of April

Location: Common Ground Civic Centre & Consultancy

Organiser: Moving Earth Film

Description:

“For the Love of Land” initiates a dialogue on land stewardship, spotlighting Singapore’s changing landscape. This event includes the official screening of the film “Moving Earth,” which explores themes of environmental sustainability and land conservation. The conversation will be joined by experts and activists in the field, offering insights into sustainable land management practices, biodiversity conservation, and the importance of environmental stewardship.

This event serves as a fundraising platform for #GUIsBigMove. It is jointly organised by The Roving Studio and Ground-Up Initiative (GUI) with venue support by Common Ground Civic Centre & Consultancy.

Click here to learn more.

9. Nature and Sustainability Tour: Energy and Water

Time: 8:30 a.m. – 9:30 a.m., Sat, 27^th of April

Location: Bayfront Plaza Shuttle Station, Bayfront MRT (Exit B)

Organiser: Gardens by the Bay

Description:

The “Nature and Sustainability Tour: Energy and Water” takes participants on an immersive journey through Gardens by the Bay, focusing on environmental awareness and sustainable practices. Attendees will discover energy-efficient solutions and water conservation strategies through the guided tour and interactive activities.

Click here to sign up.

There are currently 6 routes under the Nature and Sustainability tour. They are available every Saturday and Sunday.

10. Repair Kopitiam

Time: Sunday, 28th of April

Place: Various locations

Organiser: Repair Kopitiam

Description:

Repair Kopitiam is an initiative designed to combat the disposable culture by offering a platform where individuals can mend their personal belongings with guidance and assistance from volunteer “Repair Coaches”. This do-it-yourself (DIY) repair event takes place on the final Sunday of each month at different locations throughout the country. To participate, attendees need to schedule a specific timeslot and are allowed to bring up to two items for repair during each session.

Read event house rules here.

Prioritising Animal Welfare Through Education

Prioritising Animal Welfare Through Education: A Conversation with Anbarasi (Anbu) Boopal

Singapore Green Guardians had the privilege of having an insightful conversation with Anbarasi (Anbu) Boopal, co-CEO (Advocacy) of ACRES: Animal Concerns Research and Education Society (Singapore). In this interview, Anbu shared her personal journey, offering valuable insights into her unwavering passion for animal welfare and conservation. She delved into the challenges faced by ACRES in advocating for animal welfare in Singapore, highlighting the pivotal role of education in driving meaningful behavioural change.

Photo: Ellie Cheong, Singapore Green Guardians (left), Anbarasi (Anbu) Boopal, ACRES (right)

SGG: How did it all start for you, Anbu? What inspired you to become involved in animal welfare and conservation, and how did you come to join ACRES?

Anbu: Animal welfare has always been close to my heart. I initially wanted to become a veterinarian but couldn’t bear the thought of dissecting animals, so I shifted my focus to life sciences. While immersed in wildlife work in India, I noticed a significant oversight in conservation efforts, particularly towards certain animal species. It sparked my interest in understanding policy and governance, prompting me to study environmental management.

It was then when I encountered an illegally kept Indian star tortoise. And that’s how I came to know about ACRES. The organisation’s co-founder, Louis Ng, mentioned plans for a rescue centre, and I offered to volunteer. It was initially a two-year commitment, then I would return to India. I’ve now been with ACRES for 18 years.

Photo: ACRES

SGG: Time flies when you’re enjoying your work, doesn’t it?

Anbu: Yes, it does. Our lives revolve around animals, yet we often fail to recognise the many roles they play. Whether they are animals that are sources of food and clothing or serve as modes of transportation, our lives are deeply intertwined with theirs. Moreover, animals and their natural habitats are profoundly impacted by the choices that we make in our daily lives. I firmly believe that there is immense potential in the actions that humans can take. And that individuals can make a difference. That’s what I’m passionate about.

Photo: ACRES, Facebook, 2023

SGG: Speaking of work, could you elaborate on some recent initiatives and projects that ACRES has been working on?

Anbu: Absolutely. ACRES has been busy with several key projects lately. Our six focus areas are:

Tackling Wildlife Crime
Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation
Promoting Coexistence With Native Wildlife
Humane Education
Community Outreach
Promoting Cruelty-Free Living

Firstly, we’re focused on educating the public about the humane treatment of animals. This includes teaching people about responsible practices without needing constant oversight. We’ve expanded our efforts, aiming to reach a wider audience, including pre-schoolers, students, and adults.

We’ve also been tackling the problem of online wildlife trade. We’ve published reports highlighting the challenges of enforcement due to the high volume and encryption of online transactions. We’re pushing for policies to hold online platforms accountable for their role in this trade.

Photo: Online Illegal Wildlife Trade on Telegram in Singapore Report, ACRES, November 2023

📝 Read the telegram report here.

On the ground, we’re running a 24-hour rescue service and expanding our sanctuary to provide better living conditions for rescued animals. We’re also working to return illegally trafficked Indian star tortoises back to their natural habitats.

In our efforts toward wildlife rescue, we’re also advocating for the regulation of harmful glue traps used for rodent control. We’ve observed a concerning trend where we’re rescuing a protected species from these traps every single day.

Photo: ACRES, Facebook, 2023

SGG: What are some of the biggest challenges you face in advocating for animal welfare in Singapore?

Anbu: Two main challenges stand out. Firstly, there’s a need for a shift in mindset towards animals. We often exhibit speciesism, valuing certain animals over others based on factors like size or charisma. For example, we may feel strongly about the trade of dog meat. But, when animals in factory farms like chickens and pigs, who are sentient or intelligent, are treated in a bad way, we may not acknowledge it because we disconnect ourselves. This mindset change is crucial for fostering compassion and tolerance towards all animals. Secondly, on the same note, perception has an impact on funding and that remains a challenge. ACRES relies heavily on public donations, and while we’re grateful for the support, more funding is needed to sustain our operations effectively. We constantly strive to bridge this gap through strategic planning and community engagement.

Photo: ACRES

SGG: Education seems to be a cornerstone of ACRES’ approach. Could you tell us more about your educational initiatives and their outcomes?

Anbu: Certainly. Our educational programs are tailored to different age groups, from pre-schoolers to adults. For younger children, we focus on fostering empathy towards animals and encouraging responsible behaviour. As they grow older, we delve deeper into topics like coexistence and advocacy, empowering them to become voices for change. We also conduct workshops for students and adults, teaching them how to engage with policymakers and advocate for animal welfare effectively. Our goal is to equip people with the knowledge and skills to make a positive impact in their communities.

Photo: ACRES

SGG: It’s inspiring to see how ACRES empowers people to advocate for animal welfare. How can the public contribute and actively support your initiatives?

Anbu: There are various ways for the public to get involved, from volunteering to donating. We offer volunteering opportunities in areas like outreach, wildlife rescue, and sanctuary care. Each program has specific requirements, such as public speaking skills or being comfortable working outdoors. Additionally, donations play a crucial role in supporting our work. Whether it’s through volunteering time or contributing financially, every bit of support helps us continue our mission of protecting animals and their habitats.

Photo: ACRES, Facebook, 2022

🔎 Discover how you can get involved and make a difference by volunteering. Find out more here.

SGG: Thank you for sharing your insights, Anbu. Is there anything else you’d like to add before we wrap up?

Anbu: We have an upcoming fundraising event, the ACRES Charity Gala: Wild Second Chances, scheduled to take place at Marina Bay Sands on May 18, 2024, generously supported by Marina Bay Sands. The proceeds from this event will be directed towards expanding ACRES’ sanctuary for rehabilitated wild animals and facilitating the repatriation of rescued non-native wild animals to their native habitats.

Photo: ACRES, 2024, via giving.sg

🐒 For more details about the Gala or how you can donate, click here.

About ACRES

ACRES, Animal Concerns Research and Education Society (Singapore), founded in 2001 by passionate Singaporeans, is a leading charity dedicated to animal welfare in Singapore. ACRES has tirelessly advocated for wildlife protection–– symbolised by the iconic blue logo representing its first rescued vervet monkey. Since its inception, ACRES has rescued countless animals and remains committed to providing hope and sanctuary to those in distress.

To support ACRES’ vital work, individuals can get involved by reporting suspicious activities or assisting in rescue and rehabilitation efforts. Whether through volunteering, raising awareness, or supporting advocacy campaigns, every contribution makes a meaningful impact.

If you see wildlife in distress in Singapore, contact 24-hr ACRES Wildlife Rescue Hotline +65 97837782 for assistance.

The Weird and Wonderful: Coral Reef

In this series, we showcase the diversity of rare, peculiar, and fascinating native flora and fauna in Singapore. We enthusiastically invite you to explore our nature reserves and gardens, urging you to pause and observe your surroundings—whether by looking up or down—to see if you can catch a glimpse of these unique wonders.

Are corals rocks, plants, or animals?

Montipora coral. Image: Ryan McMinds

Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems that play a critical role in maintaining the health and balance of marine environments. These living structures serve as foundation keystone species and ecosystem engineers, providing habitat and shelter to a multitude of marine species. Despite occupying less than 1% of the marine floor, coral reefs support over 25% of the world’s marine life.

Although corals permanently attach themselves to the ocean floor and “take root” like most plants do, and they don’t have distinct faces or body parts like most animals do, they are animals.

As foundation species, hard corals play a transformative role in shaping their surrounding environments by building coral reefs that many other organisms use. Coral reefs are made up of hundreds to thousands of small, delicate marine organisms known as coral polyps. These tiny coral polyps secrete a hard outer skeleton of calcium carbonate that attaches to rock or the dead skeletons of other polyps. Over time, as the calcium carbonate accumulates and corals reproduce, the size of a coral reef grows. They are built over hundreds of thousands of years.

Mushroom coral skeleton. Image: Jon Zander

Coral polyps live in a symbiotic relationship with a specific type of algae called zooxanthellae that live in their tissues. The coral provides the plant-like organism with a protected environment, sufficient sunlight, and nutrients in the form of the coral’s metabolic waste for photosynthesis, the process by which plants make their food. In return, the zooxanthellae produce oxygen, remove wastes, and supply the coral with the organic products it needs to grow and thrive.

Not all corals are reef builders; soft corals do not build stony skeletons and don’t have a symbiotic relationship with algae.

Flowerpot coral. Image: Peter Young

Corals are communal animals related to sea anemones and jellyfish. Each tiny coral polyp uses their stinging tentacles to capture creatures like zooplankton or organic debris that float by. Their symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae allows them to get additional energy. Remarkably, the zooxanthellae transfer approximately 90% of the organic material they produce to the host coral tissue, enhancing the coral’s nutrient intake.

A symbiotic relationship is a close long-term relationship between two species, where one or both species benefit from the interaction. There are four main symbiotic relationships, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, and competition.

Coral polyps. Image: Ryan McMinds

Threats faced by coral reefs

Despite their many strengths, coral reefs are fragile and extremely sensitive to environmental conditions. They need clean, clear water to survive and have been especially vulnerable to a diverse range of human activities, including coastal changes and pollution. Today, the challenges faced by coral reefs are further exacerbated by two global trends: increasing sea surface temperatures and ocean acidification, primarily caused by climate change.

Zooxanthellae, in addition to supplying corals with vital nutrients, contribute to the distinctive and vibrant colours observed in many stony corals. When corals undergo physical stress, such as high temperatures, they expel their symbiotic zooxanthellae, losing their main food source. They also lose their colour, resulting in a bleak white appearance. This is commonly described as “coral bleaching”. Prolonged periods without zooxanthellae (and if bleaching events happen too frequently) can lead to the death of the coral colony.

Coral bleaching. Image: EcoCafePranburi

The first global bleaching event occurred in 1998 and killed about 8% of the world’s coral. In the last four decades, there has been a noticeable decrease in the abundance of corals, accompanied by a more frequent occurrence of bleaching incidents and an increase in algae levels within our oceans, which suggest a decline in the overall health of coral reefs. Recent studies, however, have found that reef systems do not respond uniformly to bleaching events and post-bleaching recovery can occur at different degrees.

What do we know about coral reefs in Singapore?

Much of Singapore’s coral reefs have experienced significant impact due to extensive land reclamation and coastal development over the past five decades. From 1922 to 1993, the extent of coral reef areas was reduced by nearly 50%. Consequently, these activities led to a rise in levels of turbidity and sediment in the marine environment.

Surprisingly, Singapore’s waters host a remarkably diverse array of marine life, boasting a diverse range of over 250 species of reef-forming hard corals that are habitat to over 100 species of reef fishes. Most of the coral reefs are found along the southern shores of Singapore––surrounding the islands, on tidally-exposed areas along the Singapore Straits, and along the last remaining rocky shore on Labrador Beach. There has also been unexpected diversity along man-made seawalls, which cover over 70% of Singapore’s coastline.

Distribution of coral reefs shaded in purple. Image: Lim et al., Intertidal Marine Species in Singapore

Turbid coral reefs, characterised by high levels of turbidity, are often found in shallow coastal waters close to urban areas like Singapore. They have shown an incredible ability to endure and survive under chronic sediment stress and low-light environmental conditions. It has also been suggested that Singapore’s urbanised reefs can recover quickly from thermal stress events, compared to reefs in more remote areas.

As climate change continues to drive increases in ocean temperatures, the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves and severe bleaching events are also on the rise. Additionally, rising sea levels are resulting in deeper waters above shallow reefs, reducing the amount of light that reaches the corals, and potentially threatening reefs around the world.

Exposed reef. Image: Yeowatzup

While our coral reefs demonstrate remarkable resilience and adaptability in coping with challenging conditions of reduced light and high temperatures, there can still be negative impacts on their overall health and growth. The survival of these vital marine ecosystems depends on our proactive and innovative measures and solutions to mitigate the effects of climate change. By acting now, we can work towards preserving and safeguarding these valuable ecosystems.

How can you contribute to protecting and conserving our coral reefs?

Practice responsible snorkelling and diving. Avoid touching or stepping on corals and maintain a safe distance from marine life
Choose reef-friendly sunscreen. Use mineral-based sunscreen that is free of harmful chemicals known to cause coral bleaching.
Reduce pollution and waste to prevent pollutants from entering the marine environment.
Support sustainable seafood practices to reduce the demand for destructive fishing practices.
Contribute to reef restoration efforts. Volunteer or donate to organisations that actively work towards restoring damaged reefs and promoting their conservation. Explore WildSingapore’s list of opportunities for individuals to contribute their assistance.
Respect marine protected areas. Observe and adhere to regulations when visiting Sisters’ Islands Marine Park.

If you come across coral reefs in the wild, we encourage you to (safely and respectfully) capture photos and document your observations. We especially recommend using the local SGBioAtlas app, or the iNaturalist app, which enables you to share and validate your findings within the community.

Discover the wonders of nature, observe the intricacies of the world around you, and let curiosity be your guide. Happy exploring!

📷 Post your findings on social media and tag us on Instagram or Facebook.

The Weird and Wonderful: Dragonfly

With their voracious appetite, dragonflies help regulate the populations of insects that potentially carry diseases, reducing the need for chemical insecticides.

Dragonflies

Dragonflies play a crucial role in ecosystems––their roles as predators and indicator species contribute to environmental health.

Image courtesy of: Schnobby

Dragonflies are a predatory species that eat all types of small insects. They primarily feed on mosquitoes, gnats, and flies. They are extremely skilful as hunters and catch up to 95% of the prey they go after–– much higher than other predators. Their impressive success rate is attributable to their exceptional flying skills, spectacular eyesight and lightning-fast neural systems.

Dragonflies have two pair of wings that extend out horizontally at rest, much like an airplane. They can flap and beat their fore and hind wings independently and hover and fly in any direction, including backwards. They see much faster than we humans do. Each compound eye covers most of the dragonfly’s head, and allows it to see almost 360 degrees around it. Once dragonflies focus on a prey, they can predict its future location and swoop in on it with great accuracy.

Even as nymphs, baby dragonflies eat small aquatic creatures like mosquito larvae, worms, tadpoles, and even small fish!

With their voracious appetite, dragonflies help regulate the populations of insects that potentially carry diseases, reducing the need for chemical insecticides. A team of researchers from Nparks and the National University of Singapore are conducting a study on how to maximise the potential of dragonflies as natural pest control to combat dengue in Singapore.

Image courtesy of: Schnobby

Dragonflies play a vital role as indicator species. They are highly sensitive to changes in water quality and habitat conditions, and dragonfly larvae require clean, unpolluted water to thrive. By monitoring dragonfly populations in certain areas, scientists can assess the health of aquatic ecosystems. A decline in the population or a decrease in diversity may be a sign of pollution, habitat loss, or other environmental disturbances. On the other hand, a good population of dragonflies is an indication of a healthy ecosystem.

The presence, absence, or abundance of an indicator species reflects on a specific environmental condition. They can signal that something has changed or is going to change in the ecosystem and diagnose the health of an ecosystem.

Dragonflies also serve as an important food source for other animals including a wide range of birds, fish, frogs, and spiders. Their larvae are often prey to fishes and frogs.

Image courtesy of: Strange Ones

According to Nparks, there are over 123 dragonfly and damselfly species in Singapore. Dragonflies and damselflies belong to same order of insects called Odonata, meaning toothed jaws. Sometimes, they are both collectively referred to as dragonflies. You can tell a dragonfly from a damselfly by looking at how its wings look like at rest. Unlike the dragonfly, whose wings rest horizontally, the damselfly’s wings fold back in line with its abdomen. Damselflies also have a thin body and smaller eyes than the dragonfly.

Common dragonfly species you may spot in Singapore:

Image courtesy of: (left) Gido, (right) Nparks Flora & Fauna Web

Common name: Crimson Dropwing

Scientific name: Trithemis aurora

The Crimson Dropwing is a common native dragonfly species that can be found in urban wetlands––in ponds and lakes. The males are a luminous fuchsia pink and females are golden yellow with black markings on the side.

Image courtesy of: (left) Renee Grayson, (right) Gail Hampshire

Common name: Blue Dasher

Scientific name: Brachydiplax chalybea

The Blue Dasher is an abundant native species. They live near still calm bodies of water and particularly like lotus ponds. The males are a chalky blue colour with a black tip at the end of its abdomen and females are black with yellow stripes along the side and top.

Image courtesy of: (left) Jeevan Jose, (right) Charles J. Sharp

Common name: Common Scarlet

Scientific name: Crocothemis servilia

The Common Scarlet is a common native species and are one of the larger red dragonflies found in Singapore. The males are red from head to tail and the female is light brown. Both males and females have a dark vertical line down the centre of their abdomen.

Image courtesy of: (left) Charles J. Sharp, (right) Green Baron

Common name: Common Parasol

Scientific name: Neurothemis fluctuans

The Common Parasol is the most common dragonfly species in Singapore. The males are reddish brown with maroon wings and transparent tips. Females are a dull brown with clear wings.

Image courtesy of: (left) Bill Higham, (right) John Tann

Common name: Yellow-barred Flutterer

Scientific name: Rhyothemis phyllis

The Yellow-barred Flutterer, also known as the Yellow-striped Flutterer, is common throughout Singapore and have been spotted far away from water. Swarms of the Yellow-barred Flutterer are often seen fluttering over grassy field in search from prey. Both males and females look similar. They are dark with a metallic sheen and have distinctive yellow and black bars on the base of their hind wings.

A key consideration when spotting dragonflies:

Watch your step near water bodies, keep your distance, and be careful not to stomp on dragonflies. The best time for dragonfly watching is from 9 am to 5 pm!

If you come across dragonflies in the wild, we encourage you to (safely and respectfully) capture photos and document your observations. We especially recommend using the local SGBioAtlas app, or the iNaturalist app, which enables you to share and validate your findings within the community.

Discover the wonders of nature, observe the intricacies of the world around you, and let curiosity be your guide. Happy exploring!

📷 Post your findings on social media and tag us on Instagram or Facebook.

The Weird and Wonderful: Seagrass

Seagrass

Seagrasses are underwater plants that are commonly found in both tropical and temperate coastal waters. Seagrass is often confused with large seaweed. Unlike seaweeds, which do not have a root system and reproduce by releasing spores, seagrasses are true flowering plants and belong to the same group of plants as land grasses and lilies. They have leaves, roots and veins, and produce flowers and seeds––the roots absorb nutrients from soft sediment and the leaves make food through photosynthesis. Seagrasses thrive in shallow, protected coastal waters with sufficient sunlight. They can exist as a few plants or clumps, but generally form dense underwater meadows.

Image credit: Ria Tan, Wild Singapore

Seagrass habitats provide crucial services such as acting as shelters and nursery areas for numerous species––including animals like seahorses and juvenile fishes of larger commercially valuable fishes and marine creatures, contributing to nutrient cycling, improving water quality, stabilising sediments for coastal protection, and playing a big part in carbon sequestration by retaining carbon within their leaves and roots.

In addition, seagrasses support a complex food web. They serve as the primary food source for sea turtles and dugongs in our waters. Sea turtles and dugongs eat seagrasses, including the seeds of the plants, and play a role in seed dispersal as they pass the seeds through their digestive systems and excrete them. Seagrasses also indirectly contribute to the food chain by hosting microscopic algae on their leaves. Smaller animals feed on these algae and, in turn, are prey for larger animals.

Image credit: Ria Tan, Wild Singapore

Seagrasses are one of the most productive ecosystems in the world and are vital for climate change mitigation. Seagrass ecosystems can sequester up to twice as much carbon from the atmosphere as land forests. They store large amounts of carbon through photosynthesis by trapping them in their stems. And when parts of the plants die and decay, they collect on the seafloor, eventually getting buried in sediment and effectively trapping carbon for hundreds of years. Although seagrasses account for less than 0.2% of the world’s oceans, they sequester roughly 10% of the carbon stored in ocean sediment annually.

Over the past fifty years, there has been significant and widespread decline in global seagrass cover, primarily attributed to human activities such as changes in land-use, coastal changes, dredging, and declining water quality. They are among the world’s most threatened ecosystems, experiencing an annual loss of approximately 1.5%. and accelerating in recent decades. It is estimated that at least 29% of the global coverage of seagrass meadows have been lost. The ecosystem services they provide make seagrasses a high conservation priority.

Seagrasses were previously abundant on Singapore’s shores, but their diversity and extent were never rigorously documented until recently. There are three major seagrass meadows in Singapore. They are at Chek Jawa Wetlands, Pulau Semakau, and Cyrene Reef.

Locations where seagrass (including total number of species) has been reported from around Singapore.

Image credit: McKenzie et al, 2016

There are about 72 different seagrass species in the world. These are some of the species that are found in Singapore.

Common name: Tape Seagrass

Scientific name: Enhalus acoroides

Tape Seagrasses have long ribbon-like leaves that can grow up to 150cm long. They are often found close to mangrove forests. Tape Seagrasses are abundant at Pulau Semakau and Cyrene Reef.

Image credit: Ria Tan, Wild Singapore

Common name: Smooth Ribbon Seagrass

Scientific name: Cymodocea rotundata

Smooth Ribbon Seagrasses have flat narrow leaves that look like straps with a smooth rounded leaf tip.

Image credit: Ria Tan, Wild Singapore

Common name: Serrated Ribbon Seagrass

Scientific name: Cymodocea serrulata

Serrated Ribbon Seagrasses have a similar shape as Smooth Ribbon Seagrasses, with slightly wider leaves and a serrated leaf tip instead.

Image credit: Ria Tan, Wild Singapore

Common name: Sickle Seagrass

Scientific name: Thalassia hemprichii

Sickle Seagrasses have hooked curved-shaped leaves with short black bars on its leaf blade.

Image credit: Ria Tan, Wild Singapore

Common name: Noodle Seagrass

Scientific name: Syringodium isoetifolium

As its common name suggests, Noodle Seagrasses mimic spaghetti. The leaves are cylindrical and grow up to 30cm long.

Image credit: Ria Tan, Wild Singapore

Common name: Needle Seagrass

Scientific name: Halodule uninervis

Needle Seagrasses are long and narrow with a leaf tip resembling the letter “W”. They are the preferred food for Dugongs.

Image credit: Ria Tan, Wild Singapore

Common name: Fern Seagrass

Scientific name: Halophila spinulosa

Fern seagrasses look like… ferns! Tiny leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, and the “fronds” grow up to 15cm long. They can be found at Check Jawa.

Image credit: Ria Tan, Wild Singapore

Common name: Hairy Spoon Seagrass

Scientific name: Halophila decipiens

Hairy Spoon Seagrasses have small oval leaves and leaf hairs on both sides of the leaves. They were discovered on Singapore shores only in 2007.

Image credit: Ria Tan, Wild Singapore

A key consideration when visiting seagrass meadows:

The roots and rhizomes (underground stems) of seagrass are often buried in sand or mud. When trampled on, the underground stems can damage and take a long time to recover. So keep off the seagrass!

Join a conservation initiative!

Consider becoming a part of Team Seagrass–– a volunteer team working in collaboration with the National Biodiversity Centre of the National Parks Board and Seagrass-Watch. Help contribute to the monitoring of seagrasses along Singapore’s shores!

If you come across seagrass in the wild, we encourage you to (safely and respectfully) capture photos and document your observations. We especially recommend using the local SGBioAtlas app, or the iNaturalist app, which enables you to share and validate your findings within the community.

Discover the wonders of nature, observe the intricacies of the world around you, and let curiosity be your guide. Happy exploring!

📷 Post your findings on social media and tag us on Instagram or Facebook.

References and further reading:

🌱 What are seagrasses? (Team SeaGrass)

🌱 Seagrasses on the Shores of Singapore (Wild Singapore)

📄 The Diversity And Distribution Of Seagrass In Singapore

📄 Seagrass habitats of Singapore: Environmental Drivers and Key Processes

The Weird and Wonderful: Hornbill

Hornbills, also known as forest farmers, play a vital ecological role in their natural habitats, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. This nickname aptly describes their significant contribution to the spread and germination of seeds, especially those from big-fruited forest trees.

Hornbills

These large black and white birds with contrasting-coloured beaks are not to be mistaken for toucans. Hornbills and toucans are both tropical fruit-eating birds and do the same job of spreading seeds to keep forests healthy, but their similarities end there. Most hornbills have a distinctive beak feature called a casque.

Image Courtesy of Francis Yap via Birds of Singapore

Three species of hornbill are believed to be native to Singapore––the Oriental Pied Hornbill, Rhinoceros Hornbill, and Helmeted Hornbill. These birds flourished in the 1800s, but gradually disappeared from the landscape to the point of local extinction, falling victim to hunting, habitat loss due to deforestation, and other human activities.

In 1994, a pair of wild Oriental Pied Hornbill, believed to be visitors from Malaysia, was spotted at Pulau Ubin. Later on, the first local breeding was observed in 1997.

Image Courtesy of Francis Yap via Birds of Singapore

Hornbills nest in suitable holes in a tree. When a female hornbill is ready to lay eggs, she seals the entrance with mud, fibres, and regurgitated fruit delivered to her by the male. She leaves a narrow opening through which the male brings food to her and their young and breaks out only after a few months when the nestlings are fully fledged.

Natural tree holes for nesting are limited in Singapore’s natural environment. In an effort to encourage wild hornbills to breed, over 20 artificial nest-boxes were installed within trees all over Singapore. Since their re-introduction, Oriental Pied Hornbills have multiplied and thrived in Singapore. They are the only true wild hornbills in Singapore.

Image courtesy of Hiyashi Haka

Common name: Oriental Pied Hornbill

Scientific name: Anthracoceros albirostris

The Oriental Pied Hornbill is a medium-sized hornbill with mostly black plumage with a distinctive white patch on its face, a pale yellowish bill and a small casque. Females have a smaller bill. It mainly feeds on fruit but also prey on small animals, such as small birds and reptiles.

They can be found in wooded areas, forest edges, mangroves, gardens, and parks around Singapore. Most Asian hornbills require large areas of forest to survive, but the Oriental Pied Hornbill has demonstrated an ability to adapt to urban environments, making use of the remaining patches of forests within the city. They have been spotted in urban areas that border green spaces and can tolerate a moderate level of human presence and activity. Their population is currently stable and is not a concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Visitors spotted in Singapore

Non-breeding wild visitors from neighbouring countries have been sighted on our shores and offshore islands. It is suggested that the degradation of regional forests is driving these species to search for new suitable habitat. They include the White-crowned Hornbill and the Black Hornbill.

Common name: White-crowned Hornbill

Scientific name: Berenicornis comatus

For the first time this year, a female White-crowned Hornbill was sighted on Pulau Ubin. It is a large hornbill with a bushy, upright white crest and a white tail. Males are white from the head down to the belly, and females are predominantly black, with only a white crest. It is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Image Courtesy of Zhang Shubo (Kiri) via Birds of Singapore

Common name: Black Hornbill

Scientific name: Anthracoceros malayanus

The Black Hornbill is a medium-sized hornbill with black plumage and broad white tips on its outer tails. Males have a pale yellow bill and casque; and females have a black bill and casque. It has been spotted within Woodlands and on Pulau Ubin. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Image courtesy of GerifalteDelSabana

Some of these insights into the population and distribution of the Oriental Pied Hornbill attributed to data from eBird and iNaturalist, collected and submitted by the community. You, too, can contribute to research by providing valuable data.

If you come across hornbills in the wild, we encourage you to (safely and respectfully) capture photos and document your observations. We especially recommend using the local SGBioAtlas app, the eBird app, or the iNaturalist app, which enables you to share and validate your findings within the community.

Discover the wonders of nature, observe the intricacies of the world around you, and let curiosity be your guide. Happy exploring!

📷 Post your findings on social media and tag us on Instagram or Facebook.

References and further reading:

📗 Conserving Hornbills in the Urban Environment

📃 A Note on Oriental Pied Hornbill reintroduction in Singapore and its dispersal from 2010–2021

📄 Aberrant Behaviour Of A Female Great Hornbill And A Female Rhinoceros Hornbill

The Weird and Wonderful: Mangrove

In the current era where climate change is a pressing concern, mangrove forests stand out for their remarkable ability to efficiently sequester carbon, trapping significant amounts of carbon dioxide by storing carbon in their biomass and the surrounding soil.

Mangroves

Mangroves are a group of shrub and tree species that live along shores, rivers, and estuaries in the tropics, subtropics, and even some temperate coastal areas. Although used to describe the species, plant, or forest, the term mangrove is also commonly used collectively to describe the unique ecosystem these plants form.

Image courtesy of Cattan2011

These inter-tidal forests, comprising salt-tolerant trees featuring a partially exposed network of roots, are possibly the world’s most productive type of wetland. They provide shelter and food for an immense diversity of wildlife. They physically protect coastlines. They provide sustenance, raw materials, and medicine to communities who continue to depend on the land for their livelihoods. They are extremely resilient and are able to withstand the worst of storms, hurricanes, and flooding.

During high tide, the roots of mangrove plants are completely submerged in seawater. And during low tide they are exposed to the sun. While the distinctive roots of mangroves play a crucial role in facilitating the respiration of these plants, their significance extends beyond that singular function.

Mangrove root systems provide a safe haven for fish fry and juvenile animals and host a variety of species, including mudskippers, otters, and water monitor lizards.

Image courtesy of Ravenblack7575

Their roots act as natural filters, trapping sediments and pollutants, and enhancing water quality. They protect marine life, and provide a natural buffer against storm surges and coastal erosion.

Image courtesy of Eustaquio Santimano

However, the combined impacts of rising sea levels and activities such as agriculture, aquaculture, urban development, and harvesting have resulted in the erosion and deforestation of mangrove forests, causing the loss of more than a quarter of these vital ecosystems in the past 50 years. In the 1820s, mangroves accounted for 13 percent of Singapore’s land area. Today, less than 1 percent of the mangroves in Singapore remain.

Approximations suggest that Singapore’s remaining mangrove patches may store 450,570.7 megagrams of carbon, an equivalent to the average annual carbon emissions of 621,000 residents.

The most extensive expanse of mangrove area on mainland Singapore is loacted within Sungei Buloh Wetlands Reserve. They can also be found within areas such as Mandai, Labrador Nature Reserve, and Pasir Ris Park, as well as offshore islands like Pulau Semakau and Pulau Ubin.

Image courtesy of Eustaquio Santimano

There are about 35 mangrove species found in Singapore, here are a few to look out for:

Images courtesy of Zairon (left), Nparks Flora Fauna Web (right)

Common name: Bakau Minyak

Scientific name: Rhizophora apiculata

The Bakau Minyak is one of the two most common mangrove species in Singapore and native to Singapore. They have the potential to grow upwards of 30 metres or more. Boasting a smooth dark grey bark that can reach up to 50cm in diameter, the bakau minyak is distinguished by its characteristic arching prop or stilt roots connected to the trunk, along with aerial roots emerging from its branches.

Images courtesy of Nparks Flora & Fauna Web

Common name: Bakau Putih, Black Mangrove

Scientific name: Bruguiera cylindrica

The Bakau Putih, also known as Black Mangrove, is another common mangrove species and native to Singapore. These mangroves can reach heights of up to 20 meters but are frequently spotted on nature trails as compact shrubs or modest trees ranging from 2 to 3 meters in height. The trees have a greyish bark and are notably recognised for their lateral roots that stick out from the mud surface, bearing a resemblance to a person’s bent knees.

Image courtesy of Nparks Flora & Fauna Web

Common name: Nipah Palm, Water Coconut, Mangrove Palm, Attap

Scientific name: Nypa fruticans

You may already be familiar with this plant based on your knowledge of a popular local dessert. Ice kacang is a local favourite of red beans, creamed corn, grass jelly and the gem of all gems––attap chee, topped with a mountain of ice drizzled with gula melaka. Attap chee is the fruit of the nipah palm. And gula melaka (palm sugar) is made from its sap. The Nipah Palm is a mangrove palm native to Singapore. It is a medium to large-sized stemless palm that frequently grows in small clumps, characterized by its expansive leaf fronds.

If you come across mangroves in the wild, we encourage you to capture photos and document your observations. We especially recommend using the local SGBioAtlas app or the iNaturalist app, which enables you to share and validate your findings within the community.

Discover the wonders of nature, observe the intricacies of the world around you, and let curiosity be your guide. Happy exploring!

📷 Post your findings on social media and tag us on Instagram or Facebook.

The Weird and Wonderful: The Sunbird

These small agile birds, measuring 9 to 15cm long, are a common sign in the island’s green spaces––in gardens and nature parks. Here are a few sunbird species that you might encounter in Singapore:

The Sunbird

Have you seen a sunbird flitting from flower to flower and thought… hummingbird?

These small agile birds, measuring 9 to 15cm long, are a common sign in the island’s green spaces––in gardens and nature parks. They live primarily on nectar and sometimes feed on small insects. Because of their small size and nectar-feeding behaviour, it is easy to mistake them for hummingbirds.

Image courtesy of Mendis Tan via Nparks Flora Fauna Web

But you won’t find hummingbirds in this part of the world. Unlike hummingbirds, sunbirds rarely hover while feeding and usually perch to feed.

Sunbirds have long, curved bills that can reach deep into flowers, making them effective pollinators––particularly tubular flowers that bees and butterflies find difficult to access. By aiding in pollination, sunbirds help to maintain the beauty and diversity of plant life in Singapore, contributing to the balance and health of the local ecosystem. Their bills also allow them to feed on fruits when flowers are unavailable and hunt for insects and spiders to feed their young.

Sunbirds are Old World birds from the family Nectariniidae. They are native to Asia, Africa, and Australasia.

In tropical regions, sunbirds mate and breed throughout the year. The males are brightly coloured, almost iridescent, and often larger than females. They build hanging purse-like nests and usually lay two eggs at a time.

Image courtesy of Jim Bendon

They are often seen in pairs and are monogamous, meaning they have only one partner and mate for life. You might even see them in small family groups! Sunbirds live up to 7 years in the wild and generally stay in one area from birth to death.

Here are a few sunbird species that you might encounter in Singapore:

Images courtesy of (left) Nparks Flora Fauna Web, (right) Lip Kee Yap

Common name: Olive-backed Sunbird, Yellow-breasted Sunbird

Scientific name: Cinnyris jugularis

The Olive-backed Sunbird, also known as the yellow-bellied sunbird, is the most common sunbird found in Singapore. They often build their nests on the tip of branches or on fences. Males boasts a vibrant metallic-blue forehead, throat and breast, olive-green upperparts and a contrasting yellow chest; females are yellow with dull olive brown upperparts.

Images courtesy of (left) Doug Janson, (right) Jason Thompson

Common name: Brown-throated Sunbird, Plain-throated Sunbird

Scientific name: Anthreptes malacensis

The Brown-throated Sunbird is another common sunbird that can be spotted in coastal areas, mangrove habitats, parks, and gardens. Males display a distinctive brown throat, a metallic-green head and neck, purple wings, and a lemon-yellow belly; females are dull olive.

Images courtesy of (left) Krishna Prajapati, (right) Rejaul Karim

Common name: Crimson Sunbird

Scientific name: Aethopyga siparaja

The Crimson Sunbird has earned the unofficial title of Singapore’s national bird, resonating with the moniker “the little red dot” often used to describe the island on world maps. Males exhibit a bright red colour with a grey belly and greenish-black tail; females are dull olive-green with a pale yellow belly and dull-green tail.

Images courtesy of (left) Nparks Flora Fauna Web, (right) Gerard Chartier

Common name: Copper-throated Sunbird

Scientific name: Leptocoma calcostetha

The Copper-throated Sunbird is one of the larger species of sunbirds. They are found predominantly in coastal areas and mangroves. It prefers to feed on the nectar of flowers of Bruguiera trees. They are in danger of habitat loss in Singapore due to the degradation and destruction of mangroves. Males appear dark all over with an iridescent green crown and shoulder, copper-coloured throat and upper breast; females are olive with a yellow belly, a pale-grey head and throat and an incomplete white eye ring.

If you come across a sunbird in the wild, we encourage you to capture photos and document your observations. We especially recommend using the local SGBioAtlas app or the iNaturalist app, which enables you to share and validate your findings within the community.

Discover the wonders of nature, observe the intricacies of the world around you, and let curiosity be your guide. Happy exploring!

📷 Post your findings on social media and tag us on Instagram or Facebook.

November Events in Singapore

November events in Singapore that help you raise awareness, take action, connect with nature, be a part of the environmental movement, and meet like-minded people.

1. Organic Composting for Gardening

Time: 7 p.m. – 8 p.m., Tuesday, 14^th November

Place: Punggol Regional Library – Programme Room

Organiser: GoLibrary, National Library Board

Description:

The Organic Composting for Gardening Programme discusses the importance of organic composting in gardening and its role in contributing to sustainability in Singapore. Key speaker Jayden Ong, co-founder of SoilSocial, will share about the practical aspects of organic composting at home and within community gardens.

Registration is free. Reserve a spot here.

GoLibrary is the organiser of Programmes on Sustainability. Head to an NLB library to pick up tips on how to live a greener life! Explore other programmes and offerings here.

2. What’s in my water?

Time: 9:30 a.m. – 11:00 a.m., Saturday, 18^th November

Place: Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Organiser: Na tional Parks

Description:

What’s in my water? is a guided morning walk at Sungei Buloh that offers an opportunity to explore and familiarize yourself with the diverse land and coastal creatures and plants inhabiting the wetland reserve. Sungei Buloh comprises mangroves, mudflats, ponds, and forests, making it a tropical haven for a wide-ranging ecosystem that includes mudskippers, crabs, water snakes, monitor lizards, otters, and various other species.

The What’s in my water? tour is free. Limited to 12 participants on a first-come-first-serve basis. Registration opens at 8 a.m., 10^th November. The walk will be cancelled if it rains.

3. East Coast Beach Plan Cleanups

Time: Friday, 10^th November, Friday, 17^th November, Friday, 24^th November

Place: East Coast Park

Organiser: @eastcoastbeachplan

Description:

The East Coast Beach Plan is a ground-up initiative for anyone interested to join or self-organise clean-ups to do their part to reduce plastic pollution from entering the ocean. Note that all sessions are ad-hoc and self-organised by interested individuals, nothing is really centrally organised. Do participate safely and at your own discretion and risk.

Read this document before you go!

4. Zero • Market

Time: 9 a.m. – 2 p.m., Saturday, 18^th November, 9 a.m. – 2 p.m., Sunday, 19^th November

Place: Tzu Chi Humanistic Youth Centre, 30A Yishun Central 1, Singapore 768796

Organiser: Tzu Chi Humanistic Youth Centre 慈济人文青年中心

Description:

The Zero • Market is a sustainable lifestyle market, where fresh produce and sustainable goods are available! They are working towards Zero Waste, starting with Zero Meat and Zero Plastic (except for unavoidable plastic packaging). It takes place every 1st and 3rd Weekend (Saturday and Sunday) of the month unless otherwise stated. Visit the Zero • Market and don’t forget to bring your own bag!

5. Love Our Coast Beach Cleanup

Time: 9 a.m. – 11 a.m., Sunday, 26^th November

Place: Georges @ The Cove

Organiser: Georges

Description:

Love Our Coast Beach Cleanup is an initiative led by georges to promote care and responsibility for the beaches and coastal ecosystems in Singapore. The cleanup process comprises an initial briefing, during which participants will receive cleaning equipment. Following the cleanup, they will be responsible for sorting the items collected from the beach.

Registration is free. Click here to sign up.

6. Repair Kopitiam

Time: Sunday, 26^th November

Place: Various locations

Organiser: Repair Kopitiam

Description:

Booking opens on 10^th November through 21^st November. Read event house rules here.

7. Turning waste to energy: TuasOne Waste-To-Energy Plant Tour

Time: 1:30 p.m. – 4:30 p.m., 28^th November

Place: Jurong East MRT Station (Meeting point)

Organiser: CGS Experiences

Description:

Turning waste to energy: TuasOne Waste-To-Energy Plant Tour is a guided visit to Singapore’s sixth waste-to-energy plant. The plant can process about 35% of the garbage that Singapore generates daily, incinerating up to 3,600 tonnes of waste and generating up to 120 megawatts of electricity daily. Explore the facilities and learn about the technologies employed to turn waste materials into energy.

Learn more about the tour and register here.

Edit: Wow! This tour is popular and completely booked out now. You can join the waitlist or organise your own group booking via the NEA Portal.

For the little ones:

8. Weird and Wonderful Plants

Time: 9 a.m. – 1 p.m., Monday, 20^th November

Place: Singapore Botanic Gardens, Centre for Education & Outreach

Organiser: National Parks

Description:

Weird and Wonderful Plants is a children’s workshop and guided tour through the Singapore Botanic Gardens to observe unique and strange plants in their natural habitat. Participants will discover plants with such as the Pitcher plant, Venus flytrap, Ant plant, and Air plant and learn about their important ecological roles, why plant life is crucial for the environment and why it’s essential to conserve biodiversity.

The Weird and Wonderful Plants workshop is $50 per child. Suitable for children in Primary 1 to 6.

9. Deep Field by Tin&Ed

Time: 10:30 a.m. – 11:30 a.m., 1 p.m. – 2 p.m., 3 p.m. – 4 p.m., 16^th – 26^th November

Place: ArtScience Museum, Basement 2, Rainbow Room

Organiser: ArtScience Museum

Description:

Deep Field by Tin&Ed is an immersive art experience by Australian artists Tin Nguyen and Edward Cutting. The experience starts with a guided tour of the museum where participants will have a chance to design their own imaginary flora and fauna taking inspiration from the natural environment. Their creations will be added to a new ecosystem of plants revealed through the lens of Augmented Reality (AR). As participants immerse themselves in the sights and sounds of the natural world, they are prompted to establish a deeper connection with and contemplate their relationship with our planet and nature.

The Deep Field by Tin&Ed workshop is free with registration. Click here for more information about Tin&Ed. Recommended for ages 8 and up. Book here to reserve a slot.